Like The Remains of the Day, Ishiguro’s first two books are also related to history and personal memory: A Pale View of Hills is about a Japanese widow looking back to the destruction and rebuilding of Nagasaki after the atomic bomb, and An Artist of the Floating World, also set in Japan, is narrated by an elderly painter looking back on his past and reconsidering Japanese attitudes about World War II. In retrospect (which, as the novel itself shows, always shows thing more clearly than they once seemed), it can be seen that appeasement only allowed Nazi Germany to gain strength.

In the 1930s, the idea of appeasement was broadly shared in England: in 1938, Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain famously announced, “We have achieved peace for our time” after meeting with European powers to sign the Munich agreement with Germany-only to have war break out a year later. The Versailles Treaty, which is mentioned in the novel, is the peace treaty that Germany was forced to sign when it lost World War I, and whose harsh terms were economically devastating to the country-contributing, many have argued, to the rise of Nazism in the first place. The character of Lord Darlington embraces what historically was known as “appeasement,” the idea that Britain should have done everything it could to resolve tensions with Germany peacefully rather than entering into another war as devastating as World War I. The novel also includes real historical figures, like Herr Ribbentrop (the German ambassador to England and Nazi Foreign Minister) and Lord Halifax (Britain’s foreign minister), who in the book are frequent visitors to Darlington Hall. The Parliament Act of 1911, which undid many of the privileges of the aristocracy, only hastened the decline, one that proved definitive after World War II, when many aristocrats still retained their titles but were financially ruined-and, like Darlington’s family, forced to sell off their grand estates. Also implicit, though, is the decline of the English aristocracy, a process that began in the nineteenth century with the rise of a new moneyed class whose status was based not on land possession and noble titles, but on the acquisition of commercial wealth.

The Remains of the Day is, in some ways, a historical novel that is “about” the effects of Nazism and World War II on England, even if it is more concerned with the ways these significant historical events pressed on individual circumstances.

The remains of the day